1

Initial Editorial Screening (Desk Review)

Upon submission, the Managing Editor checks the manuscript for focus and scope alignment, adherence to author guidelines, language clarity, and similarity index (plagiarism check using Turnitin, max threshold: 20%). Manuscripts failing this stage are declined immediately.

2

Peer Review Assignment

Manuscripts passing initial screening are assigned to an Editor and sent to at least two independent expert reviewers in the relevant field. Reviewers evaluate novelty, methodology, ethical soundness, clarity of presentation, and scientific significance.

3

Review Decision

Based on the reviewers' recommendations, the Section/Handling Editor makes one of the following decisions:

• Accept Submission: Accepted without changes.
• Revisions Required: Accepted subject to minor modifications.
• Resubmit for Review: Requires major revisions and a second round of review.
• Decline Submission: Rejected due to insufficient novelty or methodological flaws.

4

Final Acceptance & Production

Once all revisions are satisfactorily completed and verified by the Editor, a formal Letter of Acceptance (LoA) is issued. The article undergoes copyediting, layout design, proofreading, and final publication online.

First Decision: 1–2 Weeks

Review Process: 3–6 Weeks

Publication: 1–2 Weeks post-acceptance